Imaging Bladder Cancer
Imaging involves taking detailed pictures of the inside of the body, which can help show the size, location, and characteristics of cancer. These images can also reveal where the cancer started and whether it has spread.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan:
A CT scan captures numerous X-rays of the same body area from various angles. A computer then combines these X-ray images to create a series of cross-sectional pictures. If doctors need to check for cancer that has spread beyond the bladder, you might undergo a CT scan of your abdomen and pelvis.
​
The CT scanner is a large machine with a tunnel in the center. During the scan, you will lie on a table that slowly moves through the tunnel. Pillows or straps may be used to help keep you in place during the procedure.
.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan:
A PET scan involves injecting a radioactive substance into a vein to locate cancer cells in the body. A special camera is then used to create a picture of areas of radioactivity in the body. Cancer cells appear as bright spots on the PET images.
When a PET scan is paired with a CT scan, it’s referred to as a PET/CT scan. This combination produces detailed images that are particularly helpful for identifying cancer that has spread beyond the bladder. Depending on the cancer center, a PET/CT scan can be performed using one or two machines.
.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
An MRI uses radio waves and strong magnets to create images of the inside of the body. It provides a more detailed view of cancer in the bladder or urinary tract and can also help determine if cancer has spread to the liver, nearby lymph nodes, or pelvic bones.​
​
Urogram:
A urogram is a modification/advancement of other imaging techniques. It involves using a contrast solution along with either a CT scan or MRI to assess the function of your entire urinary tract. The contrast enhances the visibility of the lining of your kidneys, ureters, and bladder. A urogram may be performed if you are experiencing symptoms like side or back pain or if you have blood in your urine.lvic bones.​
​
Ultrasound:
An ultrasound provides real-time images of your kidneys, ureters, and bladder, using sound waves. It is a painless, non-invasive procedure that produces black and white images of your kidneys and other organs. ​
​
Pyelogram:
A pyelogram uses X-rays and a contrast solution to identify any blockages—such as tumors, kidney stones, or blood clots—in your ureters or kidneys. A pyelogram may also be used to investigate the causes of blood in your urine. This test is typically performed in the operating room during a cystoscopy, and you will receive anesthesia for the procedure. The contrast is administered either intravenously (into a vein) or injected directly into the ureters.​
​